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Fabricating Ingot |
A cast form suitable for subsequent
working by such methods as rolling, forging, extruding, etc.
(Rolling Ingot, Extrusion Ingot, Forging Ingot). |
|
Face Centered (concerning cubic space
lattices) |
Having equivalent points at the
corners of the unit cell and at the centers of its six faces. A
face-centered cubic space lattice is characteristic of one of the
close-packed arrangements of equal hard spheres. |
|
Fatigue |
The tendency for a metal to break
under conditions of repeated cyclic stressing considerably below the
ultimate tensile strength. |
|
Fatigue Life |
The number of cycles of stress that
can be sustained prior to failure for a stated test condition. |
|
Fatigue Limit |
The maximum stress below which a
materiel can presumable endure an infinite number of stress cycles.
If the stress is not completely reversed, the value of the mean
stress, the minimum stress or the stress ratio should be stated. |
|
Fatigue Strength |
The maximum stress that can be
sustained for a specified number of cycles without failure, the
stress being completely reversed within each cycle unless otherwise
stated. |
|
Feed Line |
"Streak, Grinding": A
streak with a helical pattern appearance transferred to a rolled
product from a work roll. |
|
Fiber |
(1) The characteristic of wrought
metal that indicates directional properties. It is revealed by
etching a longitudinal section or manifested by the fibrous
appearance of a fracture. It is caused chiefly by extension of the
constituents of the metal, both metallic and nonmetallic, in the
direction of working. (2) The pattern of preferred orientation of
metal crystal after a given deformation process. |
|
Fibrous Fracture |
A fracture whose surface is
characterized by a dull gray or silky appearance. |
|
Filler Metal |
A third material that is melted
concurrently with the parent metal during fusion or braze welding.
It is usually, but not necessarily, of different composition from
the parent metals. |
|
Fillet |
A concave junction between two
surfaces. |
|
Fin Stock |
Coiled Sheet or foil in specific
alloys, tempers and thickness ranges suitable for manufacture fins
for heat exchanger applications. |
|
Finish |
The characteristics of the surface of
a product. |
|
Finishing |
A broad classification denoting
production operations performed on a material to alter its
appearance, to improve its corrosion resistance, to enhance its
aesthetics, or to prepare it for some special application.
Mechanical finishing includes
buffing, polishing, grinding, sanding, or even subjecting a surface
to sand or shot blasting.
Chemical finishing includes
preparation for painting or anodizing with conversion coating.
Caustic etching and bright dipping are examples.
Electrolytic finishing covers
any of the various anodizing processes.
Applied Finishing involves
painting, laminating, plating or porcelainizing. |
|
Finishing Temperature |
- The temperature at which hot
working is completed.
- Temperature of final hot-working
of a metal.
|
|
Flag |
A marker inserted adjacent to the
edge at a splice or lap in a roll of foil. |
|
Flash Welding |
A resistance butt welding process in
which the weld is produced over the entire abutting surface by
pressure and heat, the heat being produced by electric arcs between
the members being welded. |
|
Flatness |
- For rolled products, a distortion
of the surface of sheet such as a bulge or a wave, usually
transverse to the direction of rolling. Often described by
location across width, i.e., edge buckle, quarter buckle, center
buckle, etc.
- For extrusions, flatness (off
contour) pertains to the deviation of a cross-section surface
intended to be flat. Flatness can be affected by conditions such
as die performance, thermal effects and stretching.
|
|
Flat Sheet |
Sheet with sheared, slit or sawed
edges, which has been flattened or leveled. |
|
Flat-Sheet Circles |
Circles cut from flat sheet. |
|
Flow Lines |
- Texture showing the direction of
metal flow during hot or cold working. Flow lines often can be
revealed by etching the surface or a section of a metal part.
- In mechanical metallurgy, paths
followed by volume elements of metal during deformation.
|
|
Flow Stress |
- The shear stress required to cause
plastic deformation of solid metals.
- The uniaxial true stress required
to cause plastic deformation at a specified value of strain.
|
|
Flux |
- In refining, a material used to
remove undesirable substances as a molten mixture. It may also
be used as a protective covering for molten metal.
- In welding, a material used to
prevent the formation of, or to dissolve and facilitate the
removal of, oxides and other undesirable substances.
|
|
Fold |
A forging or casting discontinuity
caused by metal folding back on its own surface during flow in the
die or mold cavity. |
|
Formability |
The relative ease with which a metal
can be shaped through plastic deformation. |
|
Fractography |
Descriptive treatment of fracture,
especially in metals, with specific reference to photographs of the
fracture surface. Macrofractography involves photographs at low
magnification; microfractography, at high magnification. |
|
Fracture |
Surface appearance of metals when
broken. |
|
Fracture Test |
- Nicking and breaking a bar by
means of sudden impact, to enable macroscopic study of the
fractured surface.
- Breaking a specimen and examining
the fractured surface with the unaided eye or with a low-power
microscope to determine such things as composition, grain size,
case depth, soundness, and presence of defects.
|
|
Fracture Toughness |
A generic term for measure of
resistance to extension of a crack. The term is sometimes restricted
to results of a fracture mechanics test, which is directly
applicable in fracture control. |
|
Fragmentation |
The subdivision of a grain into small
discrete crystallites outlined by a heavily deformed network of
intersecting slip bands as a result of cold working. These small
crystals or fragments differ from one another in orientation and
tend to rotate to a stable orientation detemined by the slip
systems. |
|
Fretting (Fretting Corrosion) |
Action that results in surface
damage, especially in a corrosive environment, when there is
relative motion between solid surfaces in contact under pressure. |
|
Friction Gouges or Scratches |
A series of relatively short surface
scratches variable in form and severity. Refer to Galling. |
|
Full Center |
"Buckle, Center":Undulation
(wavy region) in the center of the metal. |
|
Full Hard Temper |
In non-heat treatable alloys, it is the hardest
temper obtainable by hard cold rolling.
|
|
Fusion Welding |
Any welding process in which fusion
is employed to complete the weld. |
