|
Earing |
- Wavy projections formed at the
open end of a cup or shell in the course of deep drawing because
of difference in directional properties. Also termed scallop.
- The formation of scallops (ears)
around the top edge of a drawn part caused by differences in the
directional properties of the sheet metal used.
|
|
Ears |
Wavy symmetrical projections formed
in the course of deep drawing or spinning as a result of directional
properties or anisotropy in sheet. Ears occur in groups of 4 or 8
with the peaks of the projections located at 45 degrees and/or at 0
to 90 degrees to the rolling direction. Degree of earing is the
difference between average height at the peaks and average height at
the valleys, dividing by average height at the valleys, multiplied
by 100 and expressed in percent. |
|
Eddy-Current Testing |
Nondestructive testing method in
which eddy-current flow is induced in the test object. Changes in
the flow caused by variations in the object are reflected into a
nearby coil or coils for subsequent analysis by suitable
instrumentation and techniques. |
|
Edge, Band |
A sharp color demarcation in the
appearance of the metal due to a difference in the work roll
coating. Also referred as "Two-Tone". |
|
Edge, Belled |
Excessive buildup of material on
edge(s) during a rewinding operation. Typical causes include
excessive edge burr, turned edge, and "dog bone" shaped
cross sectional profiles. |
|
Edge, Broken (Cracked) |
Edge(s) containing crack, split,
and/or tear which is caused by inability to deform without
fracturing. |
|
Edge, Damaged |
Edge of a coil that has been bent,
torn or scraped by an object. |
|
Edge, Dropped |
A continuous, downward edge
deflection. |
|
Edge, Liquated |
Surface condition remaining after
portions of a side of an as-cast rolling ingot deforms enough during
hot rolling to become top and/or bottom surface(s) of the rolled
product at an edge. |
|
Edge, Rippled, Wavy |
Undulation (wavy region) along the
edge(s) of the metal. Also referred as Buckle, Edge. |
|
Edge Strain or Edge Breaks |
Creases extending in from the edge of
the temper rolled sheet. |
|
Edging |
The dressing of metal strip edges by
rolling, filing or drawing. |
|
Elastic Limit |
- Maximum stress that a material
will stand before permanent deformation occurs.
- The maximum stress to which a
material may be subjected without any permanent strain remaining
upon complete release of stress. The maximum stress to which a
material may be subjected without any permanent strain remaining
upon complete release of stress.
- The maximum stress to which a
material may be subjected without any permanent strain remaining
upon complete release of the stress. The maximum stress to which
a material may be subjected without any permanent strain
remaining upon complete release of the stress.
|
|
Elastic Strain |
Dimensional changes accompanying
stress where the original dimensions are restored upon release of
the stress. |
|
Electocleaning (Electrolytic
Brightening) |
An anodic treatment. A cleaning,
polishing, or oxidizing treatment in which the specimen or work is
made the anode in a suitable electrolyte; an inert metal is used as
cathode and a potential is applied. |
|
Electrical Conductivity |
The capacity of a material to conduct
electric current. For aluminum, this capacity is expressed as a
percentage of the International Annealed Copper Standard which as a
resistivity of 1/58 ohm-mm2/metre at 20° C and an arbitrarily
designed conductivity of unity. |
| Electrical
Resistivity |
The
electrical resistance of a body of unit length and unit
cross-sectional area or weight.
The value of 1/58 ohm-mm2/metre at 20°
C is the resistivity equivalent to the International Annealed Copper
Standard (IACS) for 100 percent conductivity. This means that a wire
of 100 percent conductivity, 1 metre in length and 1 square
millimetre in cross-sectional area would have a resistance of
0.017241 ohms at 20°
C.
|
|
Electropolishing |
Improving the specular reflectivity
of a metal surface by electrochemical dissolution. |
|
Elongation |
- Increase in length which occurs
before a metal is fractured, when subjected to stress. This is
usually expressed as a percentage of the original length and is
a measure of the ductility of the metal.
- In tensile testing, the increase
in the gauge length, measured after fracture of the specimen
within the gauge length, usually expressed as a percentage of
the original gauge length.
|
|
Embossing |
Raising or indenting a design in
relief on a sheet or strip of metal by passing between rolls of
desired pattern. |
|
Embossed Patterned/Sheet |
This product is produced by passing
coiled sheet through a pair of steel rolls that have a repeating
pattern machined, or etched, on their surface. Based on roll
configuration, pressure on the rolls transmits the embossments or
indentations to the surface of the sheet. The pattern may be one- or
two-sided. |
|
Endurance Limit |
- Same as fatigue limit.
- Maximum alternating stress which a
given material will withstand for an infinite number of times
without causing fatigue failure.
|
|
Equiaxed Structure |
A structure in which the grains have
approximately the same dimensions in all directions. |
|
Erichsen Test |
- Similar to the Olsen Test.
Readings are in millimeters.
- A cupping test in which a piece of
sheet metal, restrained except at the center, is deformed by a
cone-shaped spherical-end plunger until fracture occurs. The
height of the cup in millimeters at fracture is a measure of the
ductility.
|
|
Etchant |
A chemical solution used to etch a
metal to reveal structural details. |
|
Etching |
- Subjecting the surface of a metal
to preferential chemical or electrolytic attack to reveal
structural details.
- In metallography, the process of
revealing structural details by the preferential attack of
reagents on a metal surface.
|
|
Eutectoid |
- An isothermal reversible
transformation in which a solid solution is converted into two
or more intimately mixed solids, the number of solids formed
being the same as the number of components in the system.
- An alloy having the composition
indicated by the eutectoid point on an equilibrium diagram.
- An alloy structure of intermixed
solid constituents formed by a eutectoid transformation.
|
|
Exfoliation |
A type of corrosion that progresses
approximately parallel to the outer surface of the metal, causing
layers of the metal to be elevated by the formation of corrosion
product. |
|
Extensometer |
An apparatus for indicating the
deformation of metal while it is subjected to stress. |
|
Eyehole |
Region where film is absent due to
non-wetting of the metal surface by the coating. |
